展望2020年航空重大发展

从城市空中出租车到极超音速攻击导弹，以下是2020年值得期待的航空航天及空防领域的重大发展。

From urban air taxis to hypersonic strike missiles, here are some of the aerospace and defense milestones to look forward to in 2020.

城市规划 Urban Planning

优步依托“空中拼车”计划，仍致力于在2020年用eVTOL实验车辆进行试飞。这项将在达拉斯、洛杉矶和澳大利亚墨尔本进行的测试，将是确立公众对城市空中出租车接受度的关键。

Uber, under its Elevate aerial ride-sharing initiative, remains committed to conducting test flights with experimental eVTOL vehicles in 2020. The tests, set to take place in Dallas, Los Angeles and Melbourne, Australia, will be key to establishing the public acceptability of urban air taxis.

太空探索 Accessible Space

如果波音和SpaceX公司的最后测试按照美国航天局商业载人计划进行，美国宇航员将在9年来首次从美国本土进入轨道。同时，Blue Origin和Virgin Galactic期待已久的亚轨道旅游航班也将于2020年开始运营。

If final tests by Boeing and SpaceX go as planned under NASA’s Commercial Crew program, U.S. astronauts will be launched into orbit from U.S. soil for the first time in nine years. Meanwhile, Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic expect long-awaited suborbital tourist flights to begin in 2020.

快速反应 Rapid Response

美国极超音速导弹飞行测试将在2020年开始提速，以赶上俄罗斯和中国研发的高速机动打击武器的部署。从2021年晚些时候开始，这些测试将对部署美国空、陆、海发射的助推滑翔导弹显得至关重要。

U.S. hypersonic missile flight testing will begin to ramp up in 2020 as it races to catch up with the deployment of high-speed, maneuverable strike weapons developed by Russia and China. The tests will be crucial to fielding U.S. air-, land- and sea-launched boost-glide missiles beginning in late 2021.

技术趋势 Technology Trends

2020年有一系列高新技术值得关注，包括:飞机列队飞行以节省燃料和减少排放；可搭载零名、一名或两名机组人员飞行的直升机；保护空军基地不受无人机攻击的激光武器；无人驾驶的忠实僚机与有人驾驶的战斗机相结合。

There are a bevy of technologies to watch in 2020 including: airliners flying in formation to save fuel and reduce emissions; helicopters equipped to fly with zero, one or two crewmembers; laser weapons defending air bases from drone attacks; and unmanned loyal wingmen teamed with manned combat aircraft.

这条消息是Graham Warwick在Aviation Week & Space Technology发表文章的摘要。欲了解重建波音公司和交通转型等其他重大发展，订阅者可以在此处访问完整的文章 (英文）。

This is an abbreviated version of an article by Graham Warwick that appeared in Aviation Week & Space Technology. 
Read about other milestones like rebuilding Boeing and transforming transportation in the full article. Login or subscribe to access it here.