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航空公司正在寻求重新启动 | Airlines Are Looking To Relaunch

July 15, 2020
航空业已经习惯了在某种程度上对各种情况进行猜测,即使在经济繁荣时期也是如此。因为没有人真正知道市场需求会如何变化、一条新的航线是否会真正按照预期执行,或者其竞争对手会做出什么样的反应。无论采用什么分析方法、无论运营网络规划部门有多丰富的经验,某些尝试都终将失败。

在经济好的时候,航空公司通常有足够的资金来应对表现不佳的市场。但是现在,航空业已经踏入了过去从未听说过的危机当中,而且最糟糕的情况也接踵而至。由于需求可能恢复的时间、地点和方式都是不确定的,而且航空公司已经没有足够的现金来应对航线容量、票价和航线网络重建等多个赌注押错的情况。

仅在过去的几周中,一些令人鼓舞的迹象才开始在更广泛地出现,这可能使需求的短期趋势恢复,但恢复程度不足以使航空业实现稳定的增长。即使客流量开始缓慢回升,航空公司也必须马上面对冬季的到来;而在冬天来临的情况下,即使在生意兴隆的状态下大多数航空公司也会承受亏损。

西南航空

与拥有更大国际航线网络的竞争对手相比,美国西南航空在拥有某种天生的优势。在疫情流行之前,西南航空公司的国际运力部署只有全部运力的5%,而正常情况下,全服务航空公司将其运力的40%用于国际航班。

预计到今年年底,西南航空的运力将恢复到几乎与去年同期持平,这表明在疫情后的复苏期内,西南航空的国内航线网络和低成本结构的战略将取得积极效果。

忠实航空,精神航空和边疆航空

到今年年底,忠实航空(Allegiant Air)和精神航空(Spirit Airlines)的恢复目标几乎与去年同期持平,而边疆航空(Frontier Airlines)的恢复目标是达到原先的80%~90%。这些超低成本航空公司(ULCC)认为,他们专注于国内休闲旅行飞行和较低的运营成本将使他们在复苏期间能够迅速增长。这种情况让人想起2008年金融危机后的几年,当时他们在扩张的同时,其航线网络运营坚持了严格的运营纪律。

如忠实航空或太阳城航空(Sun Country Airlines)这样的超低成本航空公司也将从低价的二手飞机中受益。 这两家公司的首席执行官都表示,他们将利用这样的二手飞机来为其A320和波音737机队提供机队补充和备件来源。

易捷航空

然而,由于航空旅行需求与国家的经济状况紧密相关,因此航空公司还必须在利润和其他收入方面作出让步,以通低价的手段吸引谨慎的消费者。这是低成本航空公司所需要关注的方面。英国易捷航空(EasyJet)表示,在其计划运营恢复的部分时间表内,他们将启动有史以来最大的夏季促销活动,预计将有超过100万次航班的起价只有29.99英镑,凸显了这些低成本航空公司所面临的巨大价格压力。

易捷航空曾表示,预计到本财年的第四季度(即今年9月份),其运营水平将达到疫情之前正常水平的30%。

新加坡航空(SIA)和国泰航空

香港和新加坡政府已允许恢复过境航班,这将使新加坡航空和国泰航空在运力恢复期处于全球市场上的有利地位。

但是,在亚太地区的国际航线复苏的步伐较慢,由于国家数量众多且区域协调机构相对缺乏,亚太地区各国家的复苏程度相对分散。

尽管随着各国内部旅行限制的放松,各国国内市场的可能在未来一年里都持续地快速复苏,但对于没有国内航线网络的国泰航空和新加坡航空这样的航空公司来说,“国内航线快速复苏”只能是无谓的安慰。
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自6月以来,航空公司已开始大量恢复运力,而现在必须希望乘客的出行需求能按预期恢复。

Since June, airlines have started to reinstate substantial capacity, and now must hope demand will return as expected.

这条消息是Jens Flottau, Helen Massy-Beresford, Adrian Schofield 和 Ben Goldstein在Aviation Week & Space Technology发表文章的摘要。 阅读全文,深入分析各地区航空业的前景。

This is an abbreviated version of an article by Jens Flottau, Helen Massy-Beresford, Adrian Schofield and Ben Goldstein that appeared in Aviation Week & Space Technology. Read the full article to get an in-depth analysis of the prospects for the airline industry by region.

Flight Paths Forward: A detailed examination of the future of the aerospace industry as we begin to climb out of the COVID-19 crisis. Join us for two weeks of virtual content including in-depth reports, videos, webinars, CEO interviews and technology-focused podcasts.

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